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BIOMECHANICS OF THE SPINE (Journals) - (TOP)
"Diurnal changes in spinal mechanics and their clinical significance." J Bone Joint Surg 72-B (2), 266 - 270, 1990 ADAMS MA, HUTTON WC "The Effect of Posture on Diffusion into Lumbar Intervertebral Discs" Journal of Anatomy 147, 121-134, 1986 ADAMS, M.A. & HUTTON, W.C. "The mechanical function of the lumbar apophyseal joints." Spine 8, 327-330, 1983. *AMEVO B., WORTH D., BOGDUK N. "Instantaneous axes of rotation of typical cervical motion segments: a study in normal volunteers." Clinical Biomechanics 6(2), 111-117, 1991. *AMEVO B., APRILL C., BOGDUK N. "Abnormal instantaneous axes of rotation in patients with neck pain." Spine 17(7), 748-756, 1992. *CHANG, et al. "Dynamic Response of the Occipito-Atlanto-Axial (CO-C1-C2) Complex in Right Axial Rotation." J Orthop Res,10:446-453, 1992 *DVORAK J ET AL "Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Region: The Alar and Transverse Ligaments" J Orthop Res 6, 452-461, 1988. *DVORAK J. et al. "CT-Functional Diagnosis of the Rotary Instability of the Upper Cervical Spine: Part 2." Spine, 12:726-731, 1987. *DVORAK J., et al. "Functional Radiographic Diagnosis of the Cervical Spine: Flexion/Extension." Spine, l3(7),748-755. 1988. *DVORAK J. et al. "Functional Diagnostics of the Cervical Spine using Computer Tomography." Neuroradiology, 30:132-137, 1988. *DVORAK J., et al. "In Vivo Flexion/Extension of the Normal Cervical Spine." J Ortho Res, 9(6),828-834, 1991. *GRACOVETSKY S ET AL "The Importance of Pelvic Tilt in Reducing Compressive Stress in the Spine During Flexion-Extension Exercises" Spine 14(4), 412-416, 1989 *GRACOVETSKY, S. & FARFAN, H. "The optimum spine." Spine 11, 543-572, 1986. *GOEL, et al. "Moment Rotation Relationships of the Ligamentous Occipito-Atlanto-Axial Complex." J Biomechanics, 21(8): 673-680, 1988. HAHER T.R., O'BRIEN M., et al "Instantaneous Axis of Rotation as a Function of the Three Columns of the Spine." Spine 17(6): 149-154,1992. HAHER, T.R. et al. "The contribution of the three columns of the spine to rotational stability." Spine 14(7), 663-669, 1989. HUKINS, D.W.L. et al. "Comparison of structure, mechanical properties and functions of lumbar spinal ligaments." Spine. 15 (8), 787 - 795, 1990 HUTTON, W.C. "The forces acting on a lumbar intervertebral joint." J. Man. Med. 5, 66 - 67, 1990. *IAI H., MORIYA H., et al Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis of the Upper Cervical Spine During Axial Rotation." Spine 18(16): 2388-2392,1993. *JIROUT "Changes in the Atlas-Axis Relations on Lateral Flexion of the Head and Neck." Neuroradiology, 6:215-218, 1973. *KOEBE, BRADE "Morphological and functional studies on the lateral joints of the first and second cervical vertebra in man." Anatomy and Embryology 164, 265-275, 1982. *LEE D. "Biomechanics of the Thorax: A Clinical Model of in Vivo Function." The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 1(1): 13-21,1993. *LEONG, J.C.Y. et al. "The biomechanical functions of the iliolumbar ligament in maintaining stability of the lumbosacral junction." Spine 12, 669-674, 1987. *MILNE "The Role of Zygapophyseal Joint Orientation and Uncinate Processes in Controlling Motion in the Cervical Spine." Journal of Anatomy, 178, 189-201, l991. *MIMURA et al. "Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis of the Cervical Spine with Special Reference to the Axial Rotation and Turned Head on Neck." Spine, 14(11). 1135-1139, 1989. NACHEMSON, A.L., ANDERSSON, G.B.J. & SCHULTZ, A.B. "Valsalva manoeuvre biomechanics." Spine 11, 476-479, 1986. MCFADDEN, K.D., & TAYLOR, J.R. "Axial rotation in the lumbar spine and gaping of the zygapophyseal joints." Spine. 15 (4), 295 - 299, 1990. *ODA T ET AL "Three-Dimensional Translational Movements of the Upper Cervical Spine" Journal of Spinal Disorders 4(4), 411-419, 1991 OXLAND T.R., CRISCO III J.J., PANJABI M.M., YAMAMOTO I. "The Effect of Injury on Rotational Coupling at the Lumbosacral Joint. A Biomechanical Investigation." Spine 17(1): 74-80, 1992.' *PANJABI M. et al "Effects of Alar Ligament Transection on Upper Cervical Spine Rotation." J Orthop Res, 9(4):584-593, 1991. *PANJABI M. et al "Flexion, Extension,and Lateral Bending of the Upper Cervical Spine in Response to Alar Ligament Transections." J Spinal Disord, 4(2):157-167, 1991. *PANJABI MN ET AL "Thoracic Human Verterae: Quantative Three-Dimensional Anatomy" Spine 16(8), 888-901, 1991 *PANJABI M ET AL "Three-Dimensional Movements of the Upper Cervical Spine" Spine 13(7), 726-730, 1988 *PANJABI, M.M., GOEL, V.K. & TAKATA, K. "Physiological strains in the lumbar spinal ligaments." Spine 7, 192-203, 1982. *PANJABI, M.M., TAKATA, K. & GOEL, V.K. "Kinematics of the lumbar intervertebral foramen." Spine 8, 348-356, 1983. PEARCY, M.J. "Inferred strains in the intervertebral discs during physiological movements." J. Man. Med. 5, 68- 71, 1990 *PEARCY, M.J. & TIBREWAL, S.B. "Axial rotation and lateral bending in the normal lumbar spine. Measured by three dimensional radiology." Spine 9, 582-587, 1984. *PENNING, L. "Normal movements of the cervical spine." American Journal of Roentgenology 130, 317-326, 1978. *PENNING, L. & WILMINK, J.T. "Biomechanics of lumbosacral dural sac." Spine 6, 398-408, 1981. *PENNING L, WILMINK JT "Rotation of the Cervical Spine - a CT study in normal subjects" Spine 2(8), 732-738, 1987 *REICH & DVORAK J "The Functional Evaluation of Craniocervical Ligaments in Sidebending using X-rays." J Man Med, 2:108-113, 1986. *ROBERTS, S., MENAGE, J. & URBAN, J.P.G. "Biochemical and structural properties of the cartilage end-plate and its relation to the intervertebral disc." Spine 14(2), 166-174, 1989. *SHIRAZI-ADL, A. et al. "Mechanical response of a lumbar motion segment in axial torque alone and combined with compression." Spine 11(9), 914-927, 1986. *SMITH S. A., MASSIE J.B., CHESNUT R., GARFIN S.R. "Straight Leg Raising. Anatomical Effects on the Spinal Nerve Root Without and With Fusion." Spine 18(8): 992-999,1993. *STURESSON, B., SELVIK, G. & UDEN, A. "Movements of the sacroiliac joints." Spine 14, 162-165, 1989. SULLIVAN, M.S. "Back support mechanisms during manual lifting." Physical Therapy 69, 39-45, 1989. TESH, K.M., DUNN, J.S. & EVANS, J.H. "The abdominal muscles and vertebral stability." Spine 12, 501-508, 1987 TONDURY G "The Behaviour of the Cervical Discs During Life" Cervical Pain, Proceedings of the International Symposium Wennergeu Centre, Stockholm, 1971 TROUP JDG "Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spinal Canal" Clinical Biomechanics 1, 31-43, 1986 *TWOMEY LT, TAYLOR JR "Sagittal Movements of the Human Lumbar Vertebral Column: A Quantitative Study of the Role of the Posterior Vertebral Elements" Arch Phys Med Rehab 64, 322-325, 1983. *TWOMEY, L.T. et al. "Sustained flexion loading, rapid extension loading of the lumbar spine and the physical therapy of related injuries. Physiotherapy Practice 43, 129-138, 1988. TULSI RS, HERMANIS GM "A Study of the Angle of Inclination and Facet Curvature of Superior Lumbar Zygapophyseal Facets" Spine 18(10), 1311-1317, 1993 *VICENZINO G., TWOMEY L. "Sideflexion Induced Lumbar Spine Conjunct Rotation and its Influencing Factors." Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 39(4): 299-306,1993. *WHITE A. et a1, "Biomechanical Analysis of Clinical Stability in the Cervical Spine." Clin Ortho Rel Res, l09(June), 85-96, 1975. *YAMAMOTO, I, et al. "The role of the iliolumbar ligament in the lumbosacral junction." Spine. 15 (11), 1135 - 1141, 1990
Manual Therapy for the Thorax: A Biomechanical Approach, Churchill Livingstone 1993 *VLEMMING A., MOONEY V., et al Movement Stability and Low Back Pain: The Essential Role of the Pelvis, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1997 *WHITE, A.A. & PANJABI, M.M. Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Lippincott Co., Toronto, 1978. *WORTH & SELVIK "Movements of the Craniovertebral Joints." Chapter 5, 53-63, in Modern Manual Therapy, Grieves (editor), Churchill Livingstone, 1986.
"The Effect of Posture on the Lumbar Spine" Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 67B(4), 625-629, 1985 *BEALS R. et al "Anomalies associated with vertebral malformations." Spine 18(10): 1329-1332, 1993. BLAND, J.H. & BOUSHEY, D.R. "Anatomy and physiology of the cervical spine." Arthritis Rheum. 20 (1), 1 - 20, 1990. *BOGDUK, N. et al. The innervation of the cervical intervertebral discs." Spine 13, 2-8, 1988. *BOGDUK, N. & ENGEL, R. "The menisci of the lumbar zygophyseal joints: A review of their anatomy and clinical significance." Spine 9, 454-460, 1984. *BOGDUK N, TWOMEY L "The Applied Anatomy of the Thoracolumbar Fascia" Spine 9(2), 164-170, 1984 *BUTLER, D.S. "Adverse mechanical tension in the nervous system: A model for assessment and treatment." The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 35(4), 227-238, 1989. *BUTLER, D. & GIFFORD, L. "The concept of adverse mechanical tension in the nervous system. Part 2: Examination and treatment." Physiotherapy 75(11), 629-636, 1989. *CHANG, et al. "Meniscus-Like Synovial Fold in Atlantoaxial (C1-C2)." J Spinal Disord, 5(2):227-231, 1992. CHEN J., LANTZ C.A., THORP D. "Descriptive Anatomy of the Perivascular Connective Tissue of the Vertebral Artery and its Clinical Relevance to Vertebrovascular Accidents." JNMS 2 No. 2:56-64, 1994. *CRISCO, et al. "Transection of the C1-C2 Joint Capsular Ligaments in the Cadaveric Spine." Spine, l6(10) Suppl:S474-479, 1991. *DOMISSE, G.F. "The blood supply of the spinal cord." J Bone and Jt Surg 56B, 225-235, 1974. *DVORAK J, PANJABI M "Functional Anatomy of the Alar Ligaments" Spine 12(2), 183-189, 1987. *FIELDING et al. "The Nuchal Ligament." Spine, l(1):3-14, 1976. GILES, G.F. & TAYLOR, J.R. "Human zygaphyseal joint capsule and synovial fold innervation." British Journal of Rheumatism 26, 93-98, 1987. *HAYASHI K YABUKI T "Origins of the Uncus and of Von Lushka's Joint in the Cervical Spine" Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 67A(5), 788-791, 1985. *KOEBKS & BRADE "Morphological and Functional Studies on the Lateral Joints of the First and Second Cervical Vertebra in Man." Anat Embryol, l64:265-275, 1982. *MERCER S., BOGDUK N. "Intra-articular inclusions of the cervical synovial joints." Br J Rheumatology 32(8), 705-710, 1993. *MENDEL T., WINK C. S., ZIMNY M. L. "Neural Elements in Human Cervical Intervertebral Discs." Spine 17(2): 132-135,1992. *PANJABI MM ET AL "Articular Facets of the Human Spine" Spine 18(10), 1298-1310, 1993 PARKE, W.W. "Correlative anatomy of cervical spondylotic myelopathy." Spine 13, 831-837, 1988. RAUSCHNING, W. "Normal and pathological anatomy of the lumbar root canals." Spine. 12, 1008 - 1019, 1987 *ROY G. "Manual Therapy Rounds. The Vertebral Artery." J Man Manip Ther 2(1): 28-31,1994. *SALDINGER, P. et al. "Histology of the alar and transverse ligaments." Spine. 15 (4), 257 - 261, 1990 *TAYLOR, J.R. "The development and adult structure of the lumbar intervetebral discs." J. Man. Med. 5, 43 - 47, 1990. *TAYLOR, J.R. & TWOMEY, L.T. "Vertebral column development and its relation to adult pathology." Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 31(2), 83 - 88, 1985 *TAYLOR, J.R. & TWOMEY, L.T. "Age changes in lumbar zygapophyseal joints." Spine. 11, 739 - 745, 1986. *TAYLOR, J.R. & TWOMEY, L.T. "Structure and Function of Lumbar Zygoapophyseal (Facet) Joints: A Review." J Ortho Med, 14(3), 71-78, 1992. *TAYLOR, J.R. & TWOMEY, L.T. "Vertebral Column Deveolpment and its Relationship to Adult Pathology." Australian J Physiotherapy, 31(3), 83-89, 1985. *TWOMEY, L.T. & TAYLOR, J.R. "Age changes in the bone density and structure of the lumbar vertebral column." J Anat, 136, 15-25, 1983. *TWOMEY, L.T. & TAYLOR, J.R. "Age changes in the Lumbar Spinal and Intervertebral Canals." Paraplegia, 26, 238-249, 1988. *TWOMEY, L.T. & TAYLOR, J.R. "Flexion Creep Deformation and Hysteresis in the Lumbar Vertebral Column." Spine, 7(2), 116-122, 1982. *YONG-HING, K. & KIRKALDY-WILLIS, W.H. "The pathophysiology of degenerative disease of the lumbar spine." Orthopaedic Clinic of North America. 14, 491-503, 1983.
Grant's Atlas of Anatomy. Williams and Wilkins, 1991 *BOGDUK, N. & TWOMEY, L.T. Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine. Churchill Livingstone, New York N.Y., 1987 DEPALMA, ROTHMAN The Intervertebral Disc WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1970 PANSKY, B. Review of Gross Anatomy, 5th edition, MacMillian Publishing Co., 1984 SOBOTTA, FIGGE, Altas of Human Anatomy Vol 1-3, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1974. *TWOMEY, L.T., TALOR, J.R. "Bone loss and Osteoporosis of the spine" Grieve's Modern Manual Therapy, Chap. 33, p.463-468 . *WARWICK, R. & WILLIAMS, P.L. Gray's Anatomy, 36 edition (Osteology, Arthrology, Myology, Neurology, Angiology). Longman Group Ltd., Edinburgh, 1980
"Gradual disc prolapse." Spine. 10, 524-531, 1985. *BINKLEY J., FINCH E., HALL J., BLACK T., GOWLAND C. "Diagnostic Classification of Patients with Low Back Pain: Report on a Survey of Physical Therapy Experts." Phys Ther 73 No. 3:138-155,1993 *BOGDUK, N. "Pathology of lumbar disc pain." J. Man. Med. 5, 72-79, 1990. *BUSH K., COWAN N., KATZ D.E., GISHEN P. "The Natural History of Sciatica Associated with Disc Pathology." Spine 17(10): 1205-1212,1992. *CHOLEWICKI J. et al. "Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: Implications for injury and chronic low back pain." Clinical Biomechanics, 11, 1-15, 1996. CIRIC, I. et al. "The lateral recess syndrome." Journal of Neurosurgery. 53, 433-443, 1980. COX, J.M. & TRIER, K. "Chiropractic adjustment results correlated with spondyloisthesis instability. J. Man. Med. 6, 67-72, 1991. *FARFAN, H.F., OSTERIA, V. & LAMY, C. "The mechanical etiology of spondylosis and spondylolysthesis." Clin Orthop Rel Res 117, 40-55, 1976 *FRYMOYER, J.W. & SELBY, D.K. "Segmental instability (rationale for treatment)." Spine. 10, 280-286, 1985. *GOSH, P. "The role of mechanical and genetic factors in degeneration of the disc." " J. Man. Med. 5, 62-65, 1990 *GHOSH, P. "Basic biochemistry of the intervertebral disc and its variation with aging and degeneration." J. Man. Med. 5, 48-51, 1990. *GILES, L.G.F. & DAVERI, M.J.P. "Lumbosacral intervertebral disc degeneration revisited: A radiological and histological correlation." J. Man. Med. 5, 58-61, 1990. GUNN, CC, MILBRANDT, WE "Early and Subtle Signs in Low-Back Sprain" Spine 3(4), 267-281, 1978 *HIDES J.A., STOKES M.J., SAIDE M., JULL G.A., COOPER D.H. "Evidence of Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Wasting Ipsilateral to Symptoms in Patients with Acute/Subacute Low Back Pain." Spine l9(2): 165-172,1994. *HILTON R.C., BALL J. "Vertebral rim lesions in the dorsolumbar spine." Annuals of Rheumatic Diseases 43: 302-307, 1984. *HODGES P.W., RICHARDSON C.A. "Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine associated with low back pain: A motor control evaluation of tranversus abdominis." Spine 21(22), 2640-2650, 1996. *JONSSON & STROMQVIST "Clinical characteristics of recurrent sciatica after lumber discectomy" Spine, 21 (4), 500-505, 1996. *KIRKALDY-WILLIS WH, et al "Pathology and Pathogenesis of Lumbar Spondylosis and Stenosis" Spine 3(4), 319-328, 1978. *KORTELAINEN, P "Symptoms and Signs of Sciatica and their relation to the localization of the lumbar disc herniation" Spine, 10(1), 88-92, 1985. *LEE, C.K., RAUSCHNING, W. & GLENN, W. "Lateral lumbar spinal canal stenosis: Classification, pathologic anatomy, and surgical decompression." Spine. 13, 313-320, 1988. MALMIVAARA, E. et al. "Facet joint orientation, facet and costovertebral joint osteoarthritis, disc degeneration, vertebral body osteophytosis and schmoral's nodes in the thoracolumbar junctional region of cadaveric spines." Spine. 12, 458-463, 1987 *MATSUNAGA, S. et al. "Natural history of degenerative spondylolisthesis." Spine. 15 (11), 1204-1210, 1990. MOONEY V., ROBERTSON J. "The Facet Syndrome" Clin Orthop Rel Res 115 Mar-Apr 149-156, 1976. *MOORE R.J., VERNON-ROBERTS B., OSTI O.L. "Remodeling of vertebral bone after outer anular injury in sheep." Spine 21(8): 936-940, 1996. *NACHEMSON AL "The Lumbar Spine, an Orthopedic Challenge" Spine 1(1), 59-69, 1976 *NAYLOR, A. "Factors in the development of the spinal stenosis syndrome." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 61B, 306-309, 1979. *OHSHIMA H., HIRANO N., OSADA R., MATSUI H., TSUJI H. "Morphologic Variation of Lumbar Posterior Longitudinal Ligament and the Modality of Disc Herniation." Spine 18(16): 2408-2411,1993. *OLMARKER K., RYDEVIK B. "Pathophysiology of Sciatica." Orthopedic Clinics of North America 22(2): 223-234,1991. *OSTI O.L., VERNON-ROBERTS B., et al "Annulus Tear and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. An Experimental Study Using Animal Model." Spine 15(8), 762-767, 1990. *O'SULLIVAN P.B., TWOMEY L., ALLISON G.T., et al "Altered patterns of abdominal muscle activation in patients with chronic low back pain." Australian Physiotherapy 43(2): 91-98, 1997. *O'SULLIVAN P.B., TWOMEY L., ALLISON G.T. "Dysfunction of the neuro-muscular system in the presence of low back pain - Implications for physical therapy management." Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 5(1): 20-26, 1997. *PARIS S. "Physical signs of instability" Spine, 10(3), 277-279, 1985. *PENNING, L. & WILMINK, J.T. "Posture-dependent bilateral compression of the L4 or L5 nerve roots in facet hypertrophy." Spine. 12, 489-500, 1987. *RAHLMANN J.F. "Mechanisms of Intervertebral Joint Fixation: A Literature Review." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 10(4): 177-187,1987. SCHELLINGER, D. et al. "Facet joint disorders and their role in the production of back pain and sciatica." Radiographics. 7, 923-944, 1987. *SCHNEIDER G. "The Unstable Lumbar Segment Definition and Detection." The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 1(2): 67-72,1993. *SCHWARZER A.C., APRILL C.N., et al "Clinical features of patients with pain stemming from the lumbar zygapophyseal joints. Is the lumbar facet syndrome a clinical entity?" Spine 19(10), 1132-37, 1994. *TANAKA M et al "A Pathologic Study of Discs in the Elderly: Separation Between the Cartilaginaous Endplate and the Vertebral Body" Spine 18(11), 1456-1462, 1993 *TAYLOR J., TWOMEY L, CORKER M. "Bone and Soft Tissue Injuries in Post-mortem Lumbar Spines." Paraplegia, 28. 119-129, 1990. *TWOMEY, L. "A Rationale for the Treatment of Back Pain and Joint Pain by Manual Therapy." Physical Therapy, 72(12), 885-892. 1992. *TWOMEY LT, TAYLOR JR "Age Changes in Lumbar Vertebrae and Intervertebral Discs" Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 224, 97-104, 1987 *TWOMEY, L. & TAYLOR J.R. "Structural and mechanical disc changes with age." J. Man. Med. 5, 58-61, 1990 *TWOMEY LT et al "Sustained Flexion Loading, Rapid Extension Loading of the Lumbar Spine, and the Physical Therapy of Related Injuries" Physiotherapy Practice 4, 129-138, 1988 *TWOMEY LT et al "Unsuspected Damage to Lumbar Zygapophyseal (facet) Joints After Motor-Vehicle Accidents" The Medical Journal of Australia 151, 210-217, 1989 *TWOMEY, T. "The lumbar spine: structure, function, age changes and physiotherapy" Australian Physiotherapy Journal, 19-30, 1994. 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Backache: assessment and treatment, Musqueam Publishers 1976 *FARFAN, HF Mechanical Disorders of the Low Back, Lea and Febiger 1973 *MACNAB I Backache, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1977 *MCKENZIE R The Lumbar Spine - mechanical diagnosis and therapy, Spinal Publications Ltd 1981
"The Natural History of Thoracic Disc Herniation." Spine 17(6): 97-102,1992. *SCOLES P.V., LATIMER B.M., DIGIOVANNI B.F., et al "Vertebral Alterations in Scheuermann's Kyphosis." Spine 16(5): 509-515,1991.
"Morphology and treatment of occipital condyle fractures." Spine. 13, 731-736, 1988. *BARNSLEY, L. et. al. "Clinical Review: Whiplash Injury." Pain 58, 283-307, 1994. *BARNSLEY, L. et. al. "The Prevalence of Chronic Cervical Zygapophyseal Joint Pain after Whiplash" Spine, 20:1, 20-26, 1995. *BOGDUK, N. "The anatomy and pathophysiology of whiplash." Clinical Biology. 1, 92-101, 1986. *BOHLMAN, H.H. & EMERY, S.E. "The pathophysiology of cervical spondylosis and myelopathy." Spine. 13, 843-846, 1988. *BOSE B., et al. "The delayed vertebro-basilar insufficency following cervical injury." Spine 13, 834-846, 1988. *CLOWARD, R.B. "Cervical diskography: A contribution to the etiology and mechanism of the neck, shoulder and arm pain." Annals of Surgery. 150, 1052-1064, 1959. *DAVIS, S., TERESI, L., et al. "Cervical spine hyperextension injuries: MR findings." Radiology. 180:245-251, 1991 *DERRICK & CHESWORTH "Post Motor Vehical Accident Alar Ligament Laxity." 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